Category Archives: Climatology

Thornton’s February weather wrap – Cooler and drier than normal

Denver's February 2011 weather reviewFebruary 2011 in the Mile High City was a relatively uneventful one.  Temperatures were below normal and we received less snow and precipitation than what is typical for the month.

In terms of temperature, Denver officially recorded an average of 29.1 degrees during February as measured at Denver International Airport.  While this is 4.1 degrees below normal, it was not cold enough to make ‘top 10’ status.  Temperatures ranged from a high of 67 degrees on the 16th all the way down to a low of -17 on the 2nd.  Neither of these was a record.

Here in Thornton we were slightly warmer with an average temperature of 29.6 degrees.  We recorded a high of 69.3 degrees on the 16th and a low of -14.7 degrees on the 2nd.

One temperature record was set during the month and one tied.  A new record low maximum was set on the 1st when the high temperature only climbed to -1 degrees.  This broke the previous record of 2 degrees set in 1985.  On the 8th the low maximum temperature of 8 degrees tied the mark last set in 1933.

In terms of snowfall, the month saw us record 5.3 inches – 1 inch below normal for February.  This continued the trend for the snow season of below normal snowfalls and by the end of the month we were more than 20 inches below normal.  Nearly half of that snow, 2.6 inches, fell during one storm on the 7th and 8th of the month.  In all, only five days had snow and all of those were before the 9th of the month.

Precipitation was similarly below normal.  A total of 0.42 inch was recorded which was 0.07 inch below the normal 0f 0.49 inch.  Most of that was recorded during the same event that we received the biggest snow of the month mentioned above.  Precipitation was recorded on five days with two of those recording 0.10 inch or more.

Thornton matched the Denver snowfall total of 5.3 inches.  However we received much less precipitation from those snows and recorded only 0.29 inch of liquid moisture.

Below is the official Denver climate summary for February 2011.  Click here to view Thornton’s February climate report.

CLIMATE REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BOULDER, CO
830 PM MST TUE MAR 1 2011

...THE DENVER CO CLIMATE SUMMARY FOR THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY 2011...

CLIMATE NORMAL PERIOD 1971 TO 2000
CLIMATE RECORD PERIOD 1872 TO 2011

WEATHER         OBSERVED          NORMAL  DEPART  LAST YEAR'S
                 VALUE   DATE(S)  VALUE   FROM    VALUE  DATE(S)
                                          NORMAL
................................................................
TEMPERATURE (F)
RECORD
 HIGH              77   02/28/2006
                        02/04/1890
 LOW              -25   02/01/1951
                        02/08/1936
HIGHEST            67   02/16        77     -10       52  02/27
LOWEST            -17   02/02       -25       8       -1  02/09
AVG. MAXIMUM     43.4              47.2    -3.8     39.7
AVG. MINIMUM     14.7              19.1    -4.4     18.5
MEAN             29.0              33.2    -4.2     29.1
DAYS MAX >= 90      0               0.0     0.0        0
DAYS MAX <= 32      7               4.3     2.7        8
DAYS MIN <= 32     25              26.0    -1.0       28
DAYS MIN <= 0       6               0.3     5.7        1
PRECIPITATION (INCHES)
 RECORD
  MAXIMUM         2.01   1934                                          
  MINIMUM         0.01   1970  
TOTALS           0.42              0.49   -0.07     0.30               
DAILY AVG.       0.01              0.02   -0.01     0.01               
DAYS >= .01         5               5.9    -0.9        9
DAYS >= .10         2                MM      MM        0
DAYS >= .50         0                MM      MM        0
DAYS >= 1.00        0                MM      MM        0
GREATEST
 24 HR. TOTAL    0.19   02/07 TO 02/08     0.10  02/07/10 TO 02/08/10
SNOWFALL (INCHES)
RECORDS
 TOTAL           22.1  1912
TOTALS            5.3               6.3     -1.0      5.8
SINCE 7/1        18.1              39.6    -21.5     46.0

DEGREE_DAYS
HEATING TOTAL     999               892     107      999
 SINCE 7/1       4151              4489    -338     4807
COOLING TOTAL       0                 0       0        0
 SINCE 1/1          0                 0       0        0              

FREEZE DATES
RECORD
 EARLIEST     09/08/1962
 LATEST       06/08/2007
EARLIEST                        10/07
LATEST                          05/05
.................................................................

WIND (MPH)
AVERAGE WIND SPEED              10.6                     7.6
RESULTANT WIND SPEED/DIRECTION   3/206                   MM
HIGHEST WIND SPEED/DIRECTION    38/250  DATE  02/20    25/360 2/18
HIGHEST GUST SPEED/DIRECTION    46/010  DATE  02/07    35/210 2/01

SKY COVER
POSSIBLE SUNSHINE (PERCENT)   MM    * SUNSHINE DATA DISCONTINUED 10/2009

NUMBER OF DAYS FAIR            6
NUMBER OF DAYS PC             19
NUMBER OF DAYS CLOUDY          3

AVERAGE RH (PERCENT)     52

WEATHER CONDITIONS. NUMBER OF DAYS WITH
THUNDERSTORM              0     MIXED PRECIP               0
HEAVY RAIN                0     RAIN                       0
LIGHT RAIN                0     FREEZING RAIN              0
LT FREEZING RAIN          0     HAIL                       0
HEAVY SNOW                1     SNOW                       4
LIGHT SNOW                5     SLEET                      0
FOG                      11     FOG W/VIS <= 1/4 MILE      5
HAZE                      5                                           

-  INDICATES NEGATIVE NUMBERS.
R  INDICATES RECORD WAS SET OR TIED.
MM INDICATES DATA IS MISSING.
T  INDICATES TRACE AMOUNT.

Thornton’s March 2011 weather preview – Ch-ch-changes

Thornton's March weather previewColorado’s weather is notoriously fickle capable of dispensing an entire gamut of weather in a very short period of time.  The month of March typifies this as we can see everything  from major snowstorms and bitter cold to summer-like temperatures and tornadoes.

These changes are due to Marches “in between” status – elements during the month have much in common with winter and spring. In addition to arctic fronts, Pacific storms frequently move across Colorado from the west and warm moist air streams up from the Gulf of Mexico northeastward into the state. When these cold fronts collide with the warmer air masses the result can be some crazy weather.

What kind of weather have we seen in March and what can we expect this year? Get the details in our complete March 2011 preview here.

NOAA: 2010 ties as second warmest year on record

NOAA temperature anomaly map showing warmer than average temperatures across much of the globe in 2010. (NOAA)
NOAA temperature anomaly map showing warmer than average temperatures across much of the globe in 2010. View more images in the slideshow below. (NOAA)

Data released by NOAA puts 2010 into the history books as tying with 2005 as the warmest year globally since 1880.  The newly released report is sure to fuel the ongoing climate change and global warming debate for the year to come. 

The National Climatic Data Center’s information shows that the combined global land and ocean temperatures in 2010 were 1.12° F (0.62° C) above the 20th century average.  This ties the year with 2005 as the warmest on record. 

Land surface temperatures globally were the warmest on record as a temperature anomaly of 1.8° F (1.0° C) was recorded.  The oceans fared better according to the NCDC with temperatures 0.88° F (0.49° C) above the 20th century average putting it in the books typing with as the third warmest on record. 

The United States separately was warm as well although not in record-setting form.  Warmer than average temperatures were recorded across much of the nation with the south being the exception.  NOAA said that temperatures are increasing at a rate of 0.12° F per decade. 

Continue reading NOAA: 2010 ties as second warmest year on record

The snow deficit – Denver sees least amount of snow in 122 years

Where's the Snow?
Not since the 1888 to 1889 snow season has Denver seen less snow this far into the snow season than this year.

Amid record-setting snowfall in northern Europe this winter and blizzards on the U.S. East Coast, one place that normally sees its fair share of snow has been left high and dry.  The Mile High City is facing a snow drought of near record proportions having thus far experienced its worst snow season in 122 years.

Denver’s snow season is from July through June and through the end of December Denver has recorded a mere 4.8 inches of snow.  The majority of that (3.3 inches) was received from a pre-New Year’s storm on December 30th.   Here in Thornton we have fared a mere 0.1 inch more snow for a total of 4.9 inches.

On average the city sees 25.6 inches from July through December and the pitiful show so far gives the 2010 to 2011 season a 20.8 inch snow deficit to date.  Only one other time in the 128 years that snow records have been kept in Denver has so little snow been recorded to this point in the season. 

One has to look back to the 1888 to 1889 season to find a more dismal snow season.   It was that season 122 years ago that 3.8 inches of snow had been recorded by the end of December.  The next worst season up to December was two seasons later when 5.5 inches was recorded.

Continue reading The snow deficit – Denver sees least amount of snow in 122 years

Thornton’s 2010 weather year in review

2010 was a relatively uneventful year for weather in Thornton.
2010 was a relatively uneventful year for weather in Thornton.

Many years in Colorado are marked by significant weather events.  The Christmas Blizzards of 2006, the severe thunderstorms that dominated June of 2009 or reaching even further back the Thornton Tornado of 1981.  The same can’t entirely be said about 2010 as we experienced a relatively quiet year without any truly major events. 

Temperatures

In terms of temperatures the year was slightly warmer than the historical average of 50.1 degrees.  In 2010 Denver officially recorded an annual average of 51.2 degrees at Denver International Airport.  Thornton was actually spot on Denver’s historical average at 50.1 degrees.

Denver temperatures ranged from a high of 102 degrees on July 17th down to -16 on January 7th.  The July high was a record for the date but the January low didn’t fall far enough to set a record.  Thornton’s high temperature for the year was 101.6 degrees and our low was -9.7 degrees – both occurring on the same dates as Denver’s.

The average high temperature for the year was 65.3 degrees – 1.1 degrees above normal.  The average low was 37.0 degrees, 1.2 degrees above normal.  Thornton’s average highs and lows were very close to Denver’s at 65.7 degrees and 36.8 degrees respectively. 

DIA reported 47 days with temperatures at or above 90 degrees – 16 above normal.  Thornton stayed cooler recording only 38 days.  Low temperatures dipped below freezing on 158 days in Denver (2 above normal) while Thornton had one more with 159 days. 

Snowfall

The first half of the 2010 to 2011 snowfall season was dismal as Denver recorded a mere 4.8 inches and Thornton recorded 4.9 inches.  This is the second lowest total on record for the period with the only year with less snow being 1888 when 3.8 inches was recorded. 

Continue reading Thornton’s 2010 weather year in review

Denver’s 2010 weather – Month by month narrative

2010 Year in Review - A month by month narrative from the National Weather Service.
2010 Year in Review - A month by month narrative from the National Weather Service.

While Denver’s weather in 2010 was generally pretty quiet that isn’t to say there wasn’t something to talk about.  Below is a month by month narrative from the National Weather Service for each month of the year.

Also be sure to check out Thornton’s 2010 weather year in review.

From the National Weather Service:

JANUARY…ONLY A TOTAL OF 0.07 INCH OF LIQUID EQUIVALENT WAS COLLECTED DURING JANUARY 2010 WHICH CAME FROM MELTED SNOWFALL. THIS IS 0.44 INCH BELOW THE NORMAL OF 0.51 INCH. IT ALSO TIED 1961 AS THE 6TH DRIEST JANUARY SINCE DENVER RECORDS KEEPING BEGAN IN 1872. ONLY 2 DAYS RECORDED MEASURABLE MOISTURE WITH THE 6TH COLLECTING THE MOST IN A 24 HOUR PERIOD WITH ONLY 0.05 INCH. IN THE SNOWFALL DEPARTMENT WHERE MEASUREMENTS ARE TAKEN NEAR THE DENVER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (DIA)… ONLY 2.6 INCHES OF THE WHITE STUFF WAS RECORDED. THIS AGAIN WAS BELOW THE JANUARY NORMAL OF 7.7 INCHES. FOR THE SEASON…THE GOOD NEWS IS THAT THE JULY THROUGH JANUARY’S SEASONAL TOTAL WAS 40.2 INCHES WHICH IS 6.9 INCHES ABOVE THE NORM OF 33.3 INCHES FOR THAT PERIOD OF TIME. 40.2 INCHES IS FAR BETTER THAN THE 2008-09 SEASONAL TOTAL THROUGH JANUARY OF A MERE 16.9 INCHES. THERE WERE NO PRECIPITATION RECORDS SET OR TIED DURING THE MONTH.

JANUARY 2010 TEMPERATURE STATISTICS TURNED OUT TO BE A NON-HEADLINE. THE MONTH FINISHED WITH AN AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF 30.4 DEGREES WHICH IS 1.2 DEGREES ABOVE THE 29.2 NORMAL. TEMPERATURES RANGED FROM A HIGH OF 58 DEGREES DOWN TO A LOW OF A NON-RECORD -16 DEGREES. IN FACT… THERE WERE NO TEMPERATURE RECORDS SET OR TIED DURING JANUARY 2010. ALL 31 DAYS HAD LOW TEMPERATURES AT OR BELOW FREEZING AND 3 DAYS HAD MINIMUM TEMPERATURES BELOW ZERO. TWO DAYS HAD HIGH MERCURY READINGS AT OR BELOW FREEZING. JANUARY 2009 SEEMED LIKE A COOL MONTH AS THERE WERE ONLY 7 READINGS THAT REACHED INTO THE FIFTIES. OBVIOUSLY THE REST OF THE MONTH ONLY SAW READINGS IN THE 40S OR BELOW.

THREE DAYS HAD DENSE FOG (VISIBILITY OF 1/4 MILE OR LESS) RECORDED AT DIA. LIGHT FOG WAS OBSERVED ON 8 DAYS. THE PEAK WIND DURING THE MONTH WAS A FAIRLY LIGHT GUST OF 35 MPH FROM A NORTHWESTERLY DIRECTION (310 DEGREES).

FEBRUARY…IT WAS A COOL FEBRUARY WITH THE MONTH FINISHING WITH A 29.1 DEGREE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE WHICH WAS 4.1 DEGREES BELOW THE NORMAL OF 33.2 DEGREES. EVEN THOUGH IT WAS 4.1 DEGREES BELOW NORMAL…IT WAS STILL 3.9 DEGREES BELOW THE 10TH COLDEST FEBRUARY WHICH WAS 25.2 DEGREES ESTABLISHED IN 1905. THE COLDEST FEBRUARY OCCURRED IN 1954 WITH A VERY FRIGID 17.6 DEGREE AVERAGE. THE FEBRUARY AVERAGE OF 29.1 DEGREES WAS COLDER THAN THE JANUARY 2010 30.4 DEGREE AVERAGE. TEMPERATURES DURING FEBRUARY RANGED FROM A HIGH OF 52 DEGREES ON THE 27TH DOWN TO A LOW OF -1 DEGREE ON THE 9TH. ONLY 3 DAYS DURING THE MONTH REGISTERED HIGHS IN THE 50S. ALL 28 DAYS REGISTERED OVERNIGHT LOW TEMPERATURES AT OR BELOW FREEZING WITH 8 DAYS WHEN THE HIGH TEMPERATURE DID NOT REACH ABOVE 32 DEGREES. ONLY 1 LOW TEMPERATURE DIPPED BELOW ZERO.

PRECIPITATION WAS ALSO BELOW NORMAL. THE MONTH FINISHED WITH ONLY 0.30 INCH OF LIQUID WHICH WAS MEASURED FROM WATER EQUIVALENT OF SNOW. THIS EQUATED TO 0.19 INCH BELOW THE NORMAL OF 0.49 INCH. NINE DAYS RECORDED MEASURABLE MOISTURE BUT THERE WAS NO DAYS THAT ACCUMULATED .10 INCH OR MORE. THE MAXIMUM 24 HOUR LIQUID MEASUREMENT WAS 0.10 INCH BUT THAT COVERED 2 DAYS…THE 7TH AND 8TH. IN THE SNOWFALL DEPARTMENT…5.8 INCHES OF SNOWFALL WAS MEASURED AT THE AIRPORT. THIS WAS ONLY 0.5 INCH BELOW THE NORM OF 6.3 INCHES. THE 24 HOUR SNOWFALL MAXIMUM WAS 1.7 INCHES ON THE 20TH AND 21ST. THERE WERE NO PRECIPITATION OR SNOWFALL RECORDS SET OR TIED DURING THE MONTH. THE DRIEST FEBRUARY WAS 0.01 INCH COLLECTED IN 1970 AND THE WETTEST FEBRUARY WAS 2.01 INCHES IN 1934. THE MOST FEBRUARY SNOW OCCURRED IN 1912 WITH 22.1 INCHES WHILE THE LEAST AMOUNT OF FEBRUARY SNOWFALL WAS A TRACE WHICH OCCURRED JUST LAST YEAR…2009.

THE AVERAGE FEBRUARY WIND SPEED WAS 7.6 MILES PER HOUR WHILE THE PEAK GUST DURING THE MONTH WAS ONLY 35 MPH FROM A SOUTHWESTERLY DIRECTION (210 DEGREES).

Continue reading Denver’s 2010 weather – Month by month narrative

Thornton’s December 2010 weather wrap – Month ends drier and warmer than normal again

Thornton's December 2010 Weather Wrap
Thornton wraps up December with another drier and warmer than normal month.

Much to our dismay we closed out December the same way we did the month prior – warmer and drier than average.  Snowfall continues to elude us this season as we have recorded a mere 4.8 inches thus far which is 20.8 inches below normal.

For the month of December the story was the precipitation, or rather the lack thereof.  A mere 0.22 inch was officially recorded at Denver International Airport and Thornton was only slightly better at 0.28 inch.  This is far below the normal of 0.63 inch for Denver. 

The majority of that precipitation was during the last two days of the month when a very cold and quick snowstorm moved through Colorado.  Were it not for that Denver would have wrapped up the month as the 2nd driest December on record.  Instead the little bit of precipitation that was recorded dropped it out of ‘top 10 driest’ consideration. 

The snow that did fall on the 30th and 31st did not amount to a lot – officially 3.3 inches at DIA.  Thornton was only slightly better with 3.8 inches.  This is again far below the historical average of 8.7 inches for December. 

Continue reading Thornton’s December 2010 weather wrap – Month ends drier and warmer than normal again

Denver’s January weather preview – A look at our coldest month

Denver's January weather preview.Like any other month in Denver January can yield a wide variety of conditions.  The month is pretty consistently our coldest but by the end of the month we do start to see temperatures slowly start to climb.  Big time snow can and does happen but more often than not the month is quite dry – in fact it is our second driest month of the year.

The real story in January is oftentimes the wind.  Warm but potentially damaging Chinook winds appear with greater frequency and can be a blessing and a curse.  Conversely, cold Bora winds bring dangerous wind chills during the month.

For a complete look at our January weather, a look back at last year and a look ahead at this year’s January weather check out our complete January weather preview.

Thornton’s November weather recap – Month ends drier and warmer than normal

November 2010 goes down in the books as drier and warmer than normal.  (iStockphoto / johnnyscriv)
November 2010 goes down in the books as drier and warmer than normal. (iStockphoto / johnnyscriv)

November 2010 was most notable not for what weather condition occurred but rather for what it lacked – snow.  Historically November is Denver’s second snowiest month but 2010 saw us receive very little of the white stuff as we start out the season far behind where we average.

At the official Denver weather monitoring station at Denver International Airport a mere 1.5 inches of the white stuff was recorded.  That is 9.2 inches below the historical November average of 10.7 inches.  Despite that, the month fell short of the top 10 least snowiest Novembers as number 10 on that list is 1971 with 1.4 inches.  Given that no snow was recorded in September or October, the 2010 snow season is off to a dismal start at more than 15 inches below normal.

In terms of precipitation, only 0.5 inch was collected in the rain bucket – barely more than half of the normal of 0.98 inch.  While dry, it wasn’t enough to put the month into top 10 driest November status.  Three years in Denver history have recorded only a trace of precipitation and the number 10 slot is held by 1989 when only 0.15 inch of precipitation was recorded.  No precipitation or snowfall records were set or tied during the month.

Here in Thornton we fared drier than the official Denver tallies on all fronts.  We recorded only 1.14 inches of snow and 0.33 inch of precipitation.

Temperature-wise Denver ended the month warmer than normal with an average temperature of 38.3 degrees.  This was 0.8 degrees above the normal of 37.5 degrees.  Temperatures ranged from a high of 77 degrees on the 6th down to a low of 4 degrees on the 25th.  There were 24 days with low temperatures below the freezing mark which is normal.  On only one day, the 29th, did we fail to hit a high temperature of at least freezing as the thermometer only climbed to 31 degrees that day.  No temperature records were set or tied during the month.

Overall Thornton’s average temperature for the month was cooler than Denver’s.  The average temperature was 36.8 degrees with the warmest day hitting 78.7 degrees and the lowest temperature being 9.0 degrees.

Wind is of course a fact of life on the plains and November 2010 did set a new peak wind gust for the month of 55 mph on the 16th.  This easily broke the old record of 49 mph set in 1990.

Click here to view the 2010 Thornton Climate Summary.

CLIMATE REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BOULDER, CO
745 AM MST FRI DEC 3 2010

................................... 

...THE DENVER CO CLIMATE SUMMARY FOR THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER 2010... 

CLIMATE NORMAL PERIOD 1971 TO 2000
CLIMATE RECORD PERIOD 1872 TO 2010

WEATHER         OBSERVED          NORMAL  DEPART  LAST YEAR`S
                 VALUE   DATE(S)  VALUE   FROM    VALUE  DATE(S)
                                          NORMAL
................................................................
TEMPERATURE (F)
RECORD
 HIGH              80   11/08/2006
 LOW              -18   11/29/1877
HIGHEST            77   11/06        79      -2       77  11/05
LOWEST              4   11/25       -18      22       16  11/16
AVG. MAXIMUM     52.6              51.5     1.1     56.4
AVG. MINIMUM     24.0              23.5     0.5     28.8
MEAN             38.3              37.5     0.8     42.6
DAYS MAX >= 90      0               0.0     0.0        0
DAYS MAX = .01         6               5.6     0.4        3
DAYS >= .10         2                MM      MM        3
DAYS >= .50         0                MM      MM        0
DAYS >= 1.00        0                MM      MM        0
GREATEST
 24 HR. TOTAL    0.15 11/16 TO 11/16         0.33 11/14 TO 11/15

SNOWFALL (INCHES)
RECORDS
 TOTAL           42.6  1946
TOTALS            1.5               10.7

DEGREE_DAYS
HEATING TOTAL     793               826     -33      664
 SINCE 7/1       1128              1408    -280     1479
COOLING TOTAL       0                 0       0        0
 SINCE 1/1        870               696     174      533

FREEZE DATES
RECORD
 EARLIEST     09/08/1962
 LATEST       06/08/2007
EARLIEST                        10/07
LATEST                          05/05
................................................................. 

WIND (MPH)
AVERAGE WIND SPEED              9.7
RESULTANT WIND SPEED/DIRECTION   2/228
HIGHEST WIND SPEED/DIRECTION    45/310    DATE  11/16
HIGHEST GUST SPEED/DIRECTION    55/320    DATE  11/16

SKY COVER
POSSIBLE SUNSHINE (PERCENT)   MM

NUMBER OF DAYS FAIR            9
NUMBER OF DAYS PC             17
NUMBER OF DAYS CLOUDY          4

AVERAGE RH (PERCENT)     51

WEATHER CONDITIONS. NUMBER OF DAYS WITH
THUNDERSTORM              0     MIXED PRECIP               0
HEAVY RAIN                0     RAIN                       1
LIGHT RAIN                2     FREEZING RAIN              0
LT FREEZING RAIN          0     HAIL                       0
HEAVY SNOW                1     SNOW                       4
LIGHT SNOW                9     SLEET                      0
FOG                      13     FOG W/VIS

Globe experiences eighth warmest October on record

Warm and dry were the key words for Denver’s October weather and that same trend was also seen globally.  According to the National Climatic Data Center, October 2010’s average global temperature was the 8th warmest on record.  With an average temperature of 58 degrees, the month was nearly 1 degree warmer than average. 

The image below shows the areas that were warmer and cooler than the 1971 to 2000 average.

October 2010 global temperatures. (NOAA)
October 2010 global temperatures. (NOAA)

 From the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration:

Global Temperature Highlights

  • The combined global land and ocean average surface temperature for October 2010 was the eighth warmest on record at 58.07 F (14.54 C), which is 0.97 F (0.54 C) above the 20th century average of 57.1 F (14.0 C). The range associated with the combined temperature is +/- 0.14 F (0.08 C).*
  • The October worldwide land surface temperature was 1.64 F (0.91 C) above the 20th century average of 48.7 F (9.3 C) — the sixth warmest October on record. Warmer-than-average conditions were particularly felt across western Alaska, Canada, northeastern Africa, the Middle East, Kazakhstan and large portions of Russia. Cooler-than-average regions included most of Europe, Mongolia and much of Australia. The range associated with the land surface temperature is +/- 0.20 F (0.11 C).
    • According to the Bureau of Meteorology, Australia had its 10th coolest maximum temperatures on record for October with daytime maximum temperatures 2.12 F (1.18 C) below average. Statewide, both the Northern Territory and Queensland had their third coolest maximum temperatures since national records began in 1950.
  • The October worldwide ocean surface temperature was 0.72 F (0.40 C) above the 20th century average of 60.6 F (15.9 C) and was the 10th warmest October on record. The warmth was most pronounced across the Atlantic, western North Pacific and most of the Indian Ocean. The range associated with the ocean surface temperature is +/- 0.13 F (0.07 C).
  • For the year-to-date, the global combined land and ocean surface temperature of 58.53 F (14.73 C) was tied with 1998 as the warmest January–October period on record. This value is 1.13 F (0.63 C) above the 20th century average.
  • Moderate La Niña conditions continued in October, while sea surface temperatures remained below-normal across the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. According to NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center, La Niña is expected to strengthen and last at least into the Northern Hemisphere spring of 2011.

Polar Sea Ice and Precipitation Highlights

  • The average Arctic sea ice extent for October was 2.97 million square miles (7.69 million square km), which was 17.2 percent below average. This marks the third lowest October Arctic sea ice extent since records began in 1979 and the 14th consecutive October with below-average Arctic sea ice extent.
  • Antarctic sea ice began its annual retreat during October. October 2010 was the fourth largest sea ice extent on record (2.9 percent above average). The largest October sea ice extent occurred in 2006.
  •  According to Mexico’s National Weather Service (Servicio Meteorolológico Nacional), this October was Mexico’s driest since 1941.
  • North and west Amazonia in Brazil was in the midst of its worst drought in the past 40 years. In October, one of the Amazon River’s most important tributaries, the Black River, dropped to its lowest level of 44.7 feet (13.6 meters) since record keeping began in 1902.